LPS is a very common bacterial toxin that plays an incredibly important role in many chronic conditions. For most purposes the terms endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide and LPS are synonymous.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria. This toxin comes from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. It is highly immunogenic and causes dramatic changes in the bodies of humans and animals. Recognition of LPS in our bodies leads to the rapid activation of an intracellular signalling pathway which results in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. [1]

These reactions will sensitize the host to a LPS-induced uncontrolled acute inflammatory response that may result in animal death or damage to the body. Living organisms need this immune reaction for the following reason: when the host is in the presence of virulent Gram-negative bacteria, the invading pathogens must be held in check by the innate immune system until a specific immune response is mounted. [1]

The inflammation system was designed as a short lived response. However, If the invading bacteria get a plentiful food supply they are able to multiply more quickly than the immune system can eliminate them; therefore the body experiences a long term immune response. The immune system system is appropriate and effective for animals and primitive people who live in the wilderness and consume foods that their bodies can easily digest. Problems arise when we are dealing with the consumption of modern foods that are are difficult to digest. Having indigestible foods in our digestive system enables bacteria to easily eat the undigested foods. The bacteria flourish and release high quantities of toxins. This makes it easy for gut pathogens to establish a permanent home in our bodies. A typical example occurs with lactose, a carbohydrate that is difficult for many adults to digest. Gram negative bacteria thrive on carbohydrates. Lactose provides them a continuous food supply.

A permanent inflamation response is exteremely hard on the human body. What would have been a temporary battle with gram negative bacteria turns into a chronic war with devastating effects that foster chronic conditions.

[1]Heumann D, Roger T. 2002 Initial responses to endotoxins and Gram-negative bacteria. Clin Chim Acta. 2002 Sep;323(1-2):59-72 [Abstract]